ʻI he fakataha mo ʻetau “Ngaahi Hoa ʻi he Tokanga” polokalama ʻoku fakapaʻanga ʻe he UJA-fetulolo ʻo Niu ʻIoke, ʻe fakahoko ʻe he Y ha ngaahi ʻinitaviu mei ha kau hao fakalotofonua ʻe toko ono ke mahino lelei ange ʻa e talanoa ʻo e tokotaha fakafoʻituitui takitaha. ʻE fakaʻaliʻali e ngaahi ʻinitaviu ko ʻení ʻi he Tāpanekale Hepeluú “Aʻusia ha Taimi ʻo e Tau pea Fakalaka Atu Ai: Ngaahi ta ʻo e kau Siu longomoʻui”. ʻE fakaava ʻa e Gallery ʻi he ʻaho Falaite Novema 8.
Naʻe ngaue ʻa ʻAna Eisner ʻi he Y ki he 18 ngaahi taʻu, ko ha pule ʻo e ʻofisi ki he ngaue ko e ʻamanaki lelei pea hoko ko ha talekita ʻo e polokalama ʻi he Senita maʻolunga. Naʻa ne maʻu vahenga malolo ʻi he 1987, ka ʻoku lolotonga hoko ko e sea ʻo e komiti chesed, kau ki he hoa ʻi he kulupu fealeleaʻaki fakauike, pea ʻi he taimi ʻe niʻihi ʻoku akoʻi ai ha kalasi fanga kiʻi meʻa ʻi heni ʻi he Y tuʻo taha he uike.
ʻAna Eisner(tā-tongitongi ʻe Peter Bulow: www.peterbulow.com)
Naʻe faʻeleʻi ʻa ʻAna Eisner ʻi Offenbach, Siamane ʻi Nōvema 12, 1924. Naʻa ne tupu hake ʻi Offenbach mo ʻene ongomatuʻa fakatouʻosi. Naʻe ngaue ʻene tamai ko e tokoni palesiteni ʻo ha pangike fakatautaha ʻa e kau Siu pea naʻe nofo ʻene faʻee ʻi ʻapi. Hili 1934, Naʻe ʻikai fakangofua ʻa e fanau Siu ke nau o ki he ngaahi ʻapiako fakapuleʻanga, ko ia naʻe akoʻi kinautolu ʻe he kau faiako Siu naʻe ʻikai foki ke talitali lelei kinautolu ʻi he ngaahi ʻapiako fakapuleʻangá. Ko e founga ʻeni naʻe haʻu ai ʻa e ʻapiako Siu ʻi Offenbach. ʻOku fakamatalaʻi ʻe ʻAna, "Naʻe ʻikai ke u ongoʻi liʻaki pehe. Naʻe ʻi ai homau kolo." ʻ Okú ne manatuʻi naʻe ʻ ikai fakaʻatā ʻ a e kau Siú ke nau ʻ alu ki ha feituʻu pē ʻ i he koló. Naʻe ʻi ai ha ngaahi fakaʻilonga ʻi tuʻa he ngaahi falefaiva mo e pisinisi naʻe pehe "naʻe ʻikai fie maʻu ʻe he kau Siu." Naʻa ne fakamatalaʻi ʻa e faitoʻo ʻo e kau Siu: "naʻe ngaohi kinautolu ʻo hange ha nothings. Hange ko vermin."
Kimuʻa pea Kristallnacht, ʻa e intendant toto atu ʻo e fale naʻe ngaue ai ʻa e Tangataʻeiki ʻa ʻAna ʻo kole ange ke ne maʻu ha lelei, ʻa ia naʻe lava ke tokoni ki ai e tamai ʻa ʻAna. , ʻOku tui ʻa ʻAna mo ʻene ongomatuʻa ko e ʻuhinga naʻe ʻikai ʻave ai ʻene tamai ki ha ʻapitanga tau pea naʻe ʻikai fakaʻauha hono fale nofoʻanga koeʻuhi he naʻe totongi fakafoki ʻe he intendant ʻa e lelei ko ʻeni. Naʻá ne maluʻi e fāmili ʻo ʻAná. ʻOku manatu ʻa ʻAna, "Naʻa ku ongoʻi ma ʻi he taimi naʻe ʻave ai ʻa e Tamai ʻa e tokotaha kotoa pe, ka naʻá ne hao pē. Kei, ʻi he taimi kotoa pe naʻe tatangi ai ʻa e fafangu ʻo e matapaa, naʻe manavasiʻi ha taha ʻe toʻo ha taha. Naʻe moʻui manavahe ʻaupito ha taha." ʻOku manatuʻi ʻe ʻAna ʻa e lahi ʻo ʻene manavasiʻi mo hono famili. ʻ Okú ne fakahaaʻi naʻe ʻ ikai ha fakamaau totonu ki he kau Siú.
Naʻe ʻi ai ha kiʻi kakai Siu ʻi Offenbach, mo e lolotonga Kristallnacht, Naʻe meimei ke hae hakule kotoa ʻa e ngaahi nofoʻanga pea naʻe tutu ʻa e fale lotu. Hili Kristallnacht, ʻOku manatuʻi ʻe ʻAna ʻa e fakaʻauha naʻe hoko mo e founga naʻa ne uesia ai ia mo hono kolo. ʻOkú ne manatuʻi ʻene teuteu ke ʻalu ki he akó he ʻaho hono hokó pea talaange ʻe ha taha ʻo hono kaungā akó ke foki ki ʻapi koeʻuhí he ʻoku ʻikai ke toe ʻi ai ha ako. ʻI he konga kimui ʻo e, Naʻa ne lue mo ha taha ʻo hono ngaahi kaungameʻa ki he ako, "naʻa mau sio ki he ngaahi matapa sioʻata kuo maumau, naʻa mau mamata ki ai ʻoku ʻuliʻuli mo vela." Naʻe uesia lahi ʻa e ngaahi pisinisi faka-Siu. Naʻe ʻikai ha taha ʻi honau ngaahi falekoloa, pea naʻe ʻikai ha senitaile te ne poleʻi ke hū ki loto. ʻOku ne toe fakamatalaʻi foki naʻe tekeʻi ʻene tamai mei hono tuʻunga ʻi he pangikee ʻi hono ʻave ʻo e pangikee ʻe ha taha kehe naʻe ʻikai ko ha Siu. "Hili Kristallnacht, naʻa mau ʻiloʻi kuo pau ke mau mavahe kapau te mau lava."
Hili e ngaahi meʻa ne hoko ʻi Kristallnacht, Naʻe tatali ʻa ʻAna mo hono fāmilí ke ui honau tokolahí kae lava ke nau omi ki ʻAmelika. Naʻa ne manavasiʻi naʻa ʻikai ui honau tokolahi koeʻuhi he naʻe tapuni ʻa e consulate ʻAmelika ʻi he faʻahitaʻu mafana; neongo ia, Naʻe ui honau fika kimuʻa pea tapuni e consulate. Lolotonga ʻenau tatali ke ui honau tokolahi, Naʻe teuteu ʻa ʻAna mo hono fāmilí ki heʻenau fonongá ʻaki ʻenau toʻo ʻa e kiʻi paʻanga naʻa nau maʻú mo fakatau vala koeʻuhí ko e taimi naʻa nau aʻu ai ki ʻAmeliká, te nau maʻu ha vala mo ha sū. ʻOku manatuʻi ʻe ʻAna ko e ʻaho kotoa pe naʻa ne tatali ai ke mavahe ki ʻAmelika, Naʻa ne mamata ki he tuʻu ʻa e kolo ʻo e kau Siu.
Ko e taha ʻo e ngaahi manatu mahino taha ʻa ʻAna ʻoku kau ai hono kaungameʻa ko Lisel Strauss. ʻI he taimi ʻe maʻu ai ʻe ha taha ha fuakava ke mavahe mei he fonua, taimi ʻe niʻihi naʻe ʻikai lahi feʻunga ʻa e fuakava ke ne ʻufiʻufi kotoa ʻa e famili. Naʻe ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha fuakava ʻa e famili Strauss te ne ʻufiʻufi kotoa kinautolu ʻe toko fa. Ko ia naʻe mavaeua ʻa e famili. Ko e tamai mo e tuofefine siʻisiʻi, ʻEleni, ʻuluaki ʻalu ki ʻAmelika. Naʻe nofo pe ʻa Lisel mo ʻene faʻee ʻi he ʻamanaki lelei ʻe vave ni pe hano maʻu ʻe he Tamai ha fuakava maʻa e toko ua ʻo kinaua. Ka naʻe ʻikai pe ke hu ki tuʻa ʻa Lisel mo ʻene faʻee. Naʻe mali ʻa ʻEleni mo ha tangata naʻe ʻi he pisinisi leta, handbags pau. Naʻe ui ʻa e handbags naʻa nau fai ko e Lisette, ʻa ia naʻe fakahingoa kia Lisel. (ʻOku kei maʻu pe ʻe ʻAna ʻene handbag totonu, ʻi he taa ʻi ʻolunga).
Ko e tokolahi ʻ o e kāinga ʻ o ʻ Aná naʻa nau mate ʻ i he ngaahi kemi mate ʻ a e kau Nasí. Naʻe ʻi ai hano kainga naʻe tuku popula ʻi ha taha ʻo e ngaahi ʻapitanga. Naʻe maʻu ʻe hono kainga ha kaumeʻa tangata ʻi he ʻapitanga. Naʻe maʻu ʻe he kaumeʻa tangata ha faingamalie ke mavahe mei he ʻapitanga, ka naʻá ne fakakaukau ke nofo mo e tokoua ʻo ʻAná. Naʻe iku ʻo fakapoongi fakataha kinaua ʻi he ʻapitanga.
Naʻe haʻu ʻa e Eisner ki ʻAmelika ʻi ʻEpeleli 1939. Naʻe ʻi ai ha kainga ʻo ʻAna ʻi Niu ʻIoke naʻa nau totongi ha loki maʻa hono famili ʻi ha kiʻi vahaʻa taimi nounou. ʻOku ne manatuʻi, "ki heʻeku ʻohovale, ʻa e tauʻataina heni, ʻa e lahi ... Hili hono toʻo hake kimautolu ʻe he kainga, naʻa nau totongi ha loki maʻamautolu kae ʻoua kuo aʻu mai ʻemau fanga kiʻi ngaʻotoʻota ... naʻa nau fie maʻu ke u fakatau ha ngaahi meʻa ʻi he falekoloa. Ko ia ʻi heʻeku lea faka-Pilitania lelei taha ne u ʻalu hifo pea u pehe ange ʻ ʻe lava ke u maʻu ha foʻimoa pe ua?ʻ Naʻa nau pehe ʻ ko e ha? Ko e ha ʻoku ʻikai ke ke toʻo ai ha toko ono?ʻ Ko e ngaahi meʻa fakaʻohovale ʻeni ʻo ha hikifonua mai." ʻE totongi ʻe he famili ʻo ʻAna ha nofoʻanga loki mohe ʻe nima, ʻa ia naʻe lahi ange ia ʻi he meʻa naʻa nau fie maʻu kae lava ke totongi ha ngaahi loki ki ha kau kumi hufanga kehe naʻe ʻikai ke nau lava ʻo totongi honau ngaahi nofoʻanga. ʻOku manatuʻi ʻe ʻAna, "Naʻe ʻikai ke u teitei maʻu ha loki ʻoʻoku. ʻI ha taimi loloa, taimi loloa koeʻuhi he naʻa mau totongi ha loki ʻe ua. Ka ʻoku ou fiefia ke u moʻui." ʻI heʻenau fuofua aʻu mai, Naʻe ngaue ʻa e tamai ʻa ʻAna ko ha taha tuʻuaki matapa ki he matapaa. Ko ha sitepu fakaʻofoʻofa ʻeni mei hono tuʻunga ʻi he pangikee, ka ko e ngāue pē ia naʻá ne lava ʻo maʻú. Naʻe faifai pe pea, Naʻa ne monuʻia feʻunga ke maʻu haʻane ngaue ko ha kalake fakafolau. Naʻe siʻisiʻi ʻaupito e ngāue ʻa e faʻē ʻa ʻAná mei ʻapi; Naʻá ne tuitui fakataha hono Silipá.
Naʻe 14 taʻu motuʻa ʻi heʻene haʻu ki ʻAmelika. Naʻa ne ako ʻi he ako lotoloto pea hoko atu ki he akoʻanga maʻolunga ʻa Siaosi Uasingatoni. Ko ha tamasiʻi ako lelei ia, ka naʻe ʻikai fie hū ia ki he ʻunivēsití he naʻe pau ke ʻalu ki he ngaahi kalasí he pō kotoa. Hili e ʻosi mei he akó, Naʻe ngaue ʻa ʻAna ko ha kalake tohimoʻua ʻi ha kautaha slipper.
Naʻe uesia ʻe he moʻui ʻi he fakaʻauha ʻo Kristallnacht mo e kau Siu ʻa ʻAna ʻi ha ngaahi founga lahi ʻi heʻene moʻui, kae tautautefito ki he taimi naʻe ʻohake ai ʻene fānaú. ʻOku ne fakamatalaʻi, "Naʻa ku toe fefeka ange mo kinautolu koeʻuhi he naʻa ku ongoʻi naʻe tamateʻi ʻa e niʻihi kehe pea naʻa mau hao moʻui [ʻeku fanau] ʻOku ʻikai totonu ke fuʻu vale. Ko ia ne u toe fefeka ange ki heʻeku fanau tangata, ʻa ia ʻoku ou fakameʻapangoʻia ai he taimi ni."
"Naʻe ʻai ʻe Hitler ke u laukau ʻaki ʻeku hoko ko ha Siu. Naʻe ngaohi au ʻe Hitila ko e Siu." Naʻe mali ʻa ʻAna ʻi he 1950 ki ha tangata ʻAositulia naʻa ne fetaulaki mo ia ʻi ʻAmelika. ʻOku ʻi ai hono ongo foha mo e makapuna ʻe toko tolu. Naʻe toki tali pe hono mokopuna tangata ʻi he kau tau ʻa ʻIsileli. ʻOku ne laukau ʻakiia.
Naʻe fakahoko ʻa e ʻinitaviu ko ʻeni ʻe Halley Goldberg ʻo e ngaahi hoa ʻo Y ʻi he polokalama tokanga pea ʻoku kau ia ki he YM&YWHA ʻo Uasingatoni feituʻu mo e papa. ʻOku ʻikai ngofua ke fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e naunau ko ʻeni taʻe ʻi ai ha tohi fakangofua mei he Y mo e interviewee. ʻIlo lahi ange fekauʻaki mo e ngaahi hoa ʻi he polokalama tokanga ʻi heni: http://ywashhts.org/partners-caring-0
Tāpanekale Hepeluú Armin mo Estelle kapakau koula Galleryʻi he hoa hikisia moʻa e YM&YWHA ʻo Uasingatoni feituʻu mo e papafakaafeʻi koe ki heʻetauNovema/Tisema, 2013 Fakaʻaliʻali“Aʻusia ha Taimi ʻo e Tau pea Fakalaka Atu Ai: Ngaahi ta ʻo e kau Siu longomoʻui” mo e ʻū taá mo e tā-tongitongí ʻe he: YAEL PENI-SAIONE, PITA BULOW mo ROJ RODRIGUEZ. ʻI he fakataha mo ha tokoni makehe ʻi he manatuʻo e75Taʻu th ʻo Kristallnacht-ko e po ʻo e sioʻata kuo maumauMaʻu ʻo e ngaahi tokoni mo e tokotaha ta valivali, Falaite, Nōvema, 2013 7:30 p.m.
Ko ha fakamatala mei he Y : ” Kuo laui taʻu ʻa e hoko ʻa e feituʻu Uasingatoni/papa ko Y, pea hokohoko atu ai pe, ko ha hūfangaʻanga maʻanautolu ʻoku kumi hūfangaʻangá, fakaʻapaʻapaʻí mo e mahinó. ʻOku tokolahi ha niʻihi ʻoku nau hū mai ʻi hotau ngaahi matapaá ʻo kau ʻi heʻetau ngaahi polokalamá kuo nau moʻui ʻi ha ngaahi ʻahiʻahi mo ha ngaahi faingataʻa ʻoku ʻikai ke tau lava ʻo fakakaukau atu ki ai. Ki ha niʻihi, ko hai ʻe kau ʻi he fakaʻaliʻali ko ʻení, Ko e taha ʻo e ngaahi meʻa fakalilifu pehee kuo ʻiloa ia ʻe he mamani ko e "kau Siu" – ʻa e fakapoongi pau ʻo e kau Siu ʻe toko 6 million ʻo ʻIulope.
ʻOku tau manatuʻi ʻi he Y ʻa e kuohili, fakalāngilangiʻi ʻa kinautolu naʻe moʻui mo pekia lolotonga e taimi ko iá, pea maluʻi ʻa e moʻoní ki he ngaahi toʻu tangata ʻo e kahaʻú. Koeʻuhí ko kitautolu mo ʻetau fānaú, kuo pau ke tau tukuʻau mai ʻa e ngaahi talanoa ʻo kinautolu kuo nau foua ʻa e ngaahi kovi ʻo e taú. ʻOku ʻi ai ha ngaahi lēsoni ke ako ki he kahaʻú. ʻOku fakamatala ʻa e ngaahi ʻinitaviu ʻe Halley Goldberg, ko ha supavaisa ʻo e polokalama "Hoa ngāue ʻi he Tokanga". Naʻe malava ʻa e polokalama mahuʻinga ko ʻeni ʻo fakafou ʻi ha foaki ʻofa mei he UJA-fetulolo ʻo Niu ʻIoke, fokotuʻutuʻu ke fakaleleiʻi e ngaahi va fetuʻutaki mo e ngaahi fale lotu ʻi Uasingatoni feituʻu mo e papa. “
ʻOku ʻi heʻetau fakaʻaliʻali ʻaati ha ngaahi ta mo ha ngaahi ʻinitaviu ʻo e kau Siu, ʻAna Eisner, Siale mo Lilli Friedman, Mataʻitofe Rosenzveig, Fredy Seidel mo Ruth Wertheimer, ʻa kinautolu kotoa ko e kau memipa ʻo e Tapanekale Hepeluu, ko ha fakatahaʻanga Siu naʻe hola ai ha kau Siu Siamane tokolahi mei he kau Nasi pea monuʻia feʻunga ke haʻu ki ʻAmelika, kau ʻi he konga kimui ʻo e 1930. ʻIkai ngata ai, te tau fakaʻapaʻapaʻi foki ʻa e tokotaha kumi moʻui ʻa e kau Siu Gizelle Schwartz Bulow- faʻe ʻa ʻemau tangata ta valivali ko Pita Bulow mo WWII tokotaha kumi moʻui Yan Neznanskiy – Tamai ʻa e ʻofisa pule ʻo e polokalama ʻa Y, Vikatolia Neznansky.
Ko ha Ouau Makehe ʻi he Sāpaté, mo e kau leá, ʻi he fakamanatu ʻo e taʻu 75 ʻo Kristallnacht (Ko e Po ʻo e Sioʻata Maumau) muʻomuʻa ʻi hono fakaava ʻo e fakaʻaliʻali koula Gallery/Y:Kamata leva ʻa e ngaahi tokoni ʻi he 7:30 pm. ʻOku fakaafeʻi ʻa e tokotaha kotoa pē ke kau mai.
Ki he ngaahi houa ʻoku ava ai pe ki ha fakamatala lahi ange kataki ʻo telefoni ki he fale lotu ʻi he212-568-8304 pe vakaihttp:://www.hebrewtabernacle.orgFakamatala ʻa e tokotaha ta valivali: Yael Peni-Saionewww.yaelbenzion.comNaʻe faʻeleʻi ʻa Yael Peni-Saione ʻi Miniʻapolosi, MN pea ohi hake ʻi ʻIsileli. Kuo ne ʻosi mei he Senita fakavahaʻapuleʻanga ʻo e polokalama ako fakalukufua ʻa e faitaa. ʻOku maʻu ʻe Peni-Saione ʻa e ngaahi foaki mo e ngaahi pale kehekehe, kimui ni mai mei he fakavaʻe Puffin pea mei NoMAA, pea kuo fakaʻaliʻali ʻene ngaue ʻi he ʻIunaiteti Siteiti pea ʻi ʻIulope. Kuo ne pulusi ha monographs ʻe ua ʻo ʻene ngaue. ʻOku ne nofo ʻi Uasingatoni feituʻu mo hono husepaniti, mo ʻena ongo tamaiki tangata mahanga.
Fakamatala ʻa e tokotaha ta valivali: Pita Bulow: www.peterbulow.com
Ko ʻeku faʻee ʻi heʻene kei siʻi, Naʻe toitoi lolotonga e kau Siu. ʻI he fakalau atu ʻa e ngaahi taʻu, meʻa naʻá ne aʻ, pe ko e meʻa ne u fakakaukau ki ai ko e meʻa naʻa ne aʻusia, kuo ne maʻu ha ivi takiekina lahi kiate au. ʻOku hasino ʻa e ivi takiekina ko ʻeni ʻi heʻeku moʻui fakatautaha pea ʻi heʻeku moʻui fakaʻati. Naʻe fāʻeleʻi au ʻi ʻInitia, nofo kei siʻi ʻi Pealini pea hiki ki he US mo ʻeku ongomatuʻa ʻi hono taʻu 8. ʻOku ʻi ai hoku kau pule ʻi he ngaahi ʻaati lelei ʻi he ta-tongitongi. Ko au foki ʻoku ou maʻu ha foaki te ne fakaʻata au ke u ʻai ha ngaahi busts polonise ʻo e kau Siu naʻe hao moʻui. Kataki ʻo fakaha mai pe ʻoku ke fie kau ki he ngaue ni.
Fakamatala ʻa e tokotaha ta valivali :Roj Lotilikesi: www.rojrodriguez.com
ʻOku ha mei hoku sino ʻo e ngaue ʻa ʻeku fononga mei Hiusitoni, TX – feituʻu naʻe faʻeleʻi mo ohi hake ai au – ki Niu ʻIoke – ʻa ia, fakaʻaliʻali ki hono fakamatakali, kehekehe fakafonua mo fakasosiale pea mo hono vakai makehe ki he kau hikifonua– Ne u maʻu ha fakaʻapaʻapa foʻou ki he anga fakafonua ʻa e tokotaha kotoa pe. Kuo u akoako mo ha kau photographers kuo fokotuʻu lelei, fononga lahi ʻi he mamani pea collaborated mo ha kau palofesinale tuʻukimuʻa tokolahi ʻi he malaʻe. Talu mei Sanuali, 2006, kuo hoko ʻeku ngaue maʻuʻanga moʻui ko ha tokotaha faita tauʻataina ko ha founga ke fakahoko ai ha ngaahi ngaue faita fakatautaha ʻoku maʻu mei he mahino kiate au ʻa e founga ʻoku tau vahevahe ai ʻa e mamani mo fakaʻaongaʻi ʻetau mohu founga.
